Tetronarce nobiliana (Bonaparte, 1835)

Description


Large ray with a huge, paddle-shaped caudal fin and with no papillae around spiracles. Shiny black or dark grey above, underside white (Ref. 5578). Broad subcircular disc, short snout anterior to the eyes. Smooth skin, short thick tail (Ref. 6902). Dark chocolate to purplish brown above, without spots, white below, but with edges of disc and pelvic fins of same hue as upper surface, tail with irregular dark margins (Ref. 6902).

Common Names


  • Atlantiese drilvis , Afrikaans , South Africa
  • Atlantiese drilvis , Afrikaans , Namibia
  • Peshk elektrik i zeshkët , Albanian , Albania
  • Piskë , Albanian , Albania
  • Vaca negra , Catalan , Spain
  • Vaca negrosa , Catalan , Spain
  • Tremula nera , Corsican , France
  • Drhtulja , Croatian , Croatia
  • Atlantický rejnok elektrický , Czech , Czechia
  • Sort elektrisk rokke , Danish , Denmark
  • Sort elrokke , Danish , Denmark
  • Sidderrog , Dutch , Netherlands
  • Zwarte sidderrog , Dutch , Netherlands
  • Atlantic electric ray , English , Namibia
  • Atlantic electric ray , English , South Africa
  • Atlantic New British torpedo , English , UK
  • Atlantic torpedo , English , USA
  • Atlantic torpedo , English , UK
  • Atlantic torpedo , English , Azores Is.
  • Atlantic torpedo , English , France
  • Atlantic torpedo , English , Cuba
  • Black torpedo , English , South Africa
  • Crampfish , English , USA
  • Crampfish , English , Isle of Man
  • Crampfish , English , Cuba
  • Dark electric ray , English , Malta
  • Dark electric ray , English , UK
  • Electric ray , English , Cuba
  • Electric ray , English , Azores Is.
  • Electric ray , English , UK
  • Electric ray , English , Isle of Man
  • Electric ray , English , Namibia
  • Electric ray , English , USA
  • Electricfish , English , Cuba
  • Great torpedo , English , South Africa
  • Numbfish , English , USA
  • Numbfish , English , Cuba
  • Torpedo , English , Cuba
  • Torpedo , English , Isle of Man
  • Torpedo , English , UK
  • Tume elektrirai , Estonian , Estonia
  • Silmäsähkörausku , Finnish , Finland
  • Sysisähkörausku , Finnish , Finland
  • Torpille , French , France
  • Torpille noire , French , Canada
  • Torpille noire , French , Global
  • Torpille noire , French , France
  • Torpille noire stupéfiante , French , France
  • Dunkler Zitterrochen , German , Germany
  • Schwarzer Zitterrochen , German , Germany
  • Zitterrochen , German , Germany
  • Mavromoudiastra , Greek , Greece
  • Μάργα , Greek , Greece
  • Μαργωτήρα , Greek , Greece
  • Μαυρομουδιάστρα , Greek , Greece
  • Μουδιάστρα , Greek , Greece
  • Sgranfo , Italian , Italy
  • Torpedine nera , Italian , Italy
  • Torpedine nera , Italian , Malta
  • Tremolo grando , Italian , Italy
  • Tremula 'mpiriale , Italian , Italy
  • Tremula nira , Italian , Italy
  • Anko-shibire-ei , Japanese , Japan
  • Haddiela mdahhna , Maltese , Malta
  • Haddiela samra , Maltese , Malta
  • Haddiela sewda , Maltese , Malta
  • 地中海电鲼 , Mandarin Chinese , China
  • 地中海電鱝 , Mandarin Chinese , Taiwan/Ch Taipei
  • 珍电鳐 , Mandarin Chinese , China
  • 珍電鰩 , Mandarin Chinese , China
  • Dretwa brunatna , Polish , Poland
  • Arrraia , Portuguese , Azores Is.
  • Raia , Portuguese , Azores Is.
  • Tremelga , Portuguese , Angola
  • Tremelga , Portuguese , Azores Is.
  • Tremelga-negra , Portuguese , Portugal
  • Torpedo , Portuguese (Latin) , Brazil
  • Peste torpila , Rumanian , Romania
  • Atlantski električni skat , Slovene , Slovenia
  • Esturpillo , Spanish , Spain
  • Temblador de mar , Spanish , Spain
  • Temblaera , Spanish , Spain
  • Torpedo de lo alto , Spanish , Cuba
  • Torpedo del Atlántico , Spanish , Mexico
  • Tremblador negro , Spanish , Spain
  • Tremolina negra , Spanish , Spain
  • Trimielga negra , Spanish , Spain
  • Vaca temblaera , Spanish , Spain
  • Darrocka , Swedish , Sweden
  • Elektrik balığı , Turkish , Türkiye
  • Uyuşturan balık , Turkish , Türkiye
  • Morgath drydan , Welsh , UK Engld Wal
  • Taxonomic Hierarchy


    Kingdom: Animalia

    Phylum: Chordata

    Class: Elasmobranchii

    Order: Torpediniformes

    Family: Torpedinidae

    Genus: Tetronarce

    Species: Tetronarce nobiliana (Bonaparte, 1835)

    Climate Zone


  • Subtropical
  • Biology


    Juveniles benthic over soft bottoms or near coral reefs (Ref. 12951) from 10-150 m; adults are semi-pelagic to pelagic, swimming in the water column and have been reported to migrate over long distances (Ref. 2803). Found on insular slopes to at least 925 m depth (Ref. 114953). Feeds mainly on pelagic and benthic bony fishes and small sharks (Ref. 5578). Ovoviviparous (Ref. 50449). Produces litters of up to 60 pups. In South Pacific region, males reaches maturity at ca. 60 cm TL (Ref. 114953). Packs a powerful electric shock of up to 220 volts (Ref. 9710).

    Habitat


    benthopelagic

    Conservation Status


    Least Concern

    Threat to Humans


    Other