Description

Diagnosis. The new species is diagnosed by the following combination of characteristics: median lingual process absent; canthus rostralis rounded in both lateral and dorsal profile. Medium-sized species, mean SVL of males 18.8 mm (range 16.7 – 19.7); mean SVL of females 20.4 mm (range 19.3 – 21.1). Dorsolateral stripe absent in both sexes; ventrolateral stripe represented by irregular spots in males, but present in females; short, diffuse oblique lateral stripe present only in inguinal region in both sexes. Males with gray to violet-gray throat and golden-yellow belly; females with yellow throat and golden-yellow belly. Finger III of males not swollen in both sexes (Fig. 1 and 2), disc on finger III wider than diameter of finger; basal webbing absent on hands. Webbing absent between toes III and IV; relative toe length IV> III> V> II> I. Advertisement call consists of groups of 2 – 10 notes separated by irregular intervals; dominant frequency 3617.6 – 4651.2 Hz. Comparison with other species. The new species is compared here with all Allobates species. The new species differs from putatively aposematic species in the genus, i. e., with red, yellow or orange color in thighs or inguinal blotches or white stripes by lacking such color patterns (vs. presence in A. femoralis, A. hodli, A. myersi, A. rubriventris and A. zaparo). From non-Amazonian species, the species differs, by presence of yellow venter (vs. absence) from A. alessandroi, A. algorei, A. bromelicola, A. caribe, A. chalcopis, A. craspedoceps, A. fratisenescus, A. goianus, A. granti, A. humilis, A. ignotus, A. juanii, A. mandelorum, A. mcdiarmidi, A. picachos, A. pittieri, A. olfersioides, A. sanmartini and A. spumaponens; from Allobates insperatus and A. niputidea, two non-aposematic species, by larger body size (13.6 – 18.4 and 15.7 – 18.0 mm vs. 16.7 – 21.1 mm respectively); from A. kingsburyi by smaller size (16.7 – 21.1 mm vs. 22.3 – 26.2 mm); from the remaining non-aposematic species, by third finger of males swollen in A. humilis, niputidea, mandelorum, ornatus, picachos, and wayuu (non-swollen in the new species). Because most species of Allobates are known to be microendemic and their ranges do not normally appear to extend beyond biogeographic boundaries (Simões et al. 2013), a more detailed comparison is here presented only for non-aposematic species from the Amazon region. Allobates flaviventris differs from A. brunneus by its larger SVL in females, the absence of a gray to violet-gray throat (light color in A. brunneus) and advertisement call (long trains of single notes emmited in bouts in A. flaviventris); A. caeruleodactylus in not having sky blue digits on males, and larger size (SVL 14.9 – 17.4 mm; uniform dorsum and sky blue digits on A. caeruleodactylus). A. cepedai in having finger I longer than finger II, by not having swollen third fingers in males and dorsal pattern (same size of fingers I and II, and swollen third finger in males A. cepedai); A. conspicuus by its larger SVL in both sexes (16.5 mm in males and 17.2 mm in females of A. conspicuus vs. mean 18.8 mm in males and 20.4 mm in females of A. flaviventris), and by the absence of dorsolateral stripes (present in A. conspicuus); from A. crombiei its coloration in life (venter, including thorat, of males entirely yellow in A. crombiei Lima et al. 2012), and by its advertisement call (a long series of notes — 25 – 59 — in Allobates crombiei with frequency modulation, dominant frequency 4522 – 5383 Hz, emitted at a high and regular rate: Lima et al. 2012); A. fuscellus by the absence of a swollen third finger (swollen in A. fuscellus); Allobates gasconi by the absence of a swollen third finger (swollen in A. gasconi); Allobates grilissimilis by its dorsal pattern (uniform in A. grilissimilis), and by its advertisement call (trills of short pulses emitted in a variable number in A. grilisimilis); Allobates marchesianus by its advertisement call (number of notes per calls, dominant frequency andnote duration consisting in thrill of notes in A. marchesianus); A. masniger by the absence of dorsolateral stripes (present in A. masniger) and throat color (black in A. masniger); A. melanolaemus by its smaller SVL and advertisement call (1 – 6 notes with frequency ranging 3840 – 4560 Hz in A. melanolaemus Grant & Rodriguez 2001); A. nidicola by absence of dorsolateral stripes (present in A. nidicola), throat color (black in A. nidicola), in their advertisement call (long trains of single notes emmited in bouts, dominant frequency of 3440 – 5010 Hz) and by its free-swimming tadpole (nidicolous tadpole in A. nidicola); A. paleovarzensis by absence of swollen third finger (swollen third finger in A. paleovarzensis) and transparent egg capsules in clutches (opaque gelatinous capsules in Allobates paleovarzensis); A. subfolionidificans by the presence of hour-glass on dorsum, larger SVL, throat coloration (dorsolateral and ventrolateral stripes absent, males uniform white venter and females cream uniform venter), and calls (call structure with continuous and similar notes in A. subfolionidificans); Allobates sumtuosus by not having swollen in third finger (swollen in A. sumtuosus), ventral coloration dark throat in males A. flaviventris (light in A. sumtuosus); A. trilineatus in not having swollen fingers (third and sometimes second finger swollen in adult males of A. trilineatus; see Figure 4) and by its advertisement call (multipulsed call, 9 – 13 pulses / call, dominant frequency 4920 – 6040 Hz); A. vanzolinius by smaller SVL and by absence of swollen third finger (swollen in A. vanzolinius). At the type locality another unnamed species (Allobates aff. conspicuus) is distinguished from Allobates flaviventris by the absence of an hourglass pattern on the dorsum, light yellow throat, uniform belly, and a smaller SVL. TABLE 1. Measurements (in mm) of adult females and males of Allobates flaviventris sp. nov. Abbreviations are defined in the text. Values are means ± standard deviation (in brackets); maximum and minimum values are in bold. Character Holotype Females (n = 16) Males (n = 14) SVL 18.1 20.4 (± 0.51) 18.8 (± 0.88) 19.3 – 21.1 16.7 – 19.7 HL 5.7 6.1 (± 0.32) 5.7 (± 0.20) 5.7 – 6.5 5.4 – 6.1 HW 5.7 6.4 (± 0.18) 5.8 (± 0.15) 6.1 – 6.7 5.5 – 6.1 IOD 3.9 4.1 (± 0.07) 3.9 (± 0.18) 4.0 – 4.2 3.6 – 4.2

Common Names

No common names available.

Taxonomic Hierarchy

Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Amphibia

Order: Anura

Family: Aromobatidae

Genus: Allobates

Species: Allobates flaviventris Melo-Sampaio, Souza & Peloso, 2013